Building USB Booting FOS Image
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Part 2a
If you have any question about the following script you can review the creation process in this tutorial: https://forums.fogproject.org/topic/6532/usb-boot-target-device-into-fog-os-live-fosl-for-debugging
The following script creates a complete boot image that can be moved to a flash drive with dd, rawwrite, win32diskimager or most other “image to disk” tools.
Just a note on USB Flash drive size. The entire FOS Client image is only 150MB in size. So any size flash driver larger than 150MB will work. Please understand that any usb flash drive space beyond the FOS client will not be usable even as extra storage. This process will create a single partition on the flash drive of ~150MB. The rest of the (extra) space on your usb flash drive will be unreachable. The point is don’t use a 64GB usb flash drive for FOS cleint booting since almost all of the space will be wasted. I would recommend any size usb 2GB or smaller (for 32 bit reasons). If you can still find them, a 256 or 512 MB flash drive will work just fine for this task.
Note: You may need to install a few utilities used in the script if they are not installed by your OS install.sudo apt-get install grub-efi-amd64 grub-efi-ia32 parted kpartx- On your FOG server or other linux workstation create a file
touch mk.fos-usb - Change its mode to make it executable
chmod 755 mk.fos-usb - Open the mk.fos-usb with your favorate text editor and paste in the following
NOTE: These instructions were created using my Zorin 9 (Ubuntu 14.04 LTS) based laptop they do not work for Centos 7. See part 2b for Centos 7 instructions
#!/bin/bash if [ -f /tmp/fogkern.img ]; then echo Nuking old FOG Debug image rm -f /tmp/fos-usb.img fi echo Make a blank 128MB disk image dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/fos-usb.img bs=1M count=128 echo Make the partition table, partition and set it bootable. parted --script /tmp/fos-usb.img mklabel msdos mkpart p fat32 1 128 set 1 boot on echo Map the partitions from the image file kpartx -a -s /tmp/fos-usb.img LOOPDEV=$(losetup -a | grep "/tmp/fos-usb.img" | grep -o "loop[0-9]*") echo Make an vfat filesystem on the first partition. mkfs -t vfat -n GRUB /dev/mapper/${LOOPDEV}p1 echo Mount the filesystem via loopback mount /dev/mapper/${LOOPDEV}p1 /mnt echo Install GRUB grub-install --removable --no-nvram --no-uefi-secure-boot --efi-directory=/mnt --boot-directory=/mnt/boot --target=i386-efi grub-install --removable --no-nvram --no-uefi-secure-boot --efi-directory=/mnt --boot-directory=/mnt/boot --target=x86_64-efi grub-install --removable --no-floppy --boot-directory=/mnt/boot --target=i386-pc /dev/${LOOPDEV} echo Download the FOG kernels and inits wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://fogproject.org/inits/init.xz wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://fogproject.org/inits/init_32.xz wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://fogproject.org/kernels/bzImage wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://fogproject.org/kernels/bzImage32 wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://github.com/FOGProject/fogproject/blob/dev-branch/packages/web/service/ipxe/memdisk wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://github.com/FOGProject/fogproject/blob/dev-branch/packages/web/service/ipxe/memtest.bin wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://github.com/FOGProject/fogproject/blob/dev-branch/packages/tftp/ipxe.krn wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://github.com/FOGProject/fogproject/blob/dev-branch/packages/tftp/ipxe.efi echo Create the grub configuration file cat > /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg << 'EOF' set myfogip=http://192.168.1.100 set myimage=/boot/bzImage set myinits=/boot/init.xz set myloglevel=4 set timeout=-1 insmod all_video menuentry "1. FOG Image Deploy/Capture" { echo loading the kernel linux $myimage loglevel=$myloglevel initrd=init.xz root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=275000 keymap= web=$myfogip/fog/ boottype=usb consoleblank=0 rootfstype=ext4 echo loading the virtual hard drive initrd $myinits echo booting kernel... } menuentry "2. Perform Full Host Registration and Inventory" { echo loading the kernel linux $myimage loglevel=$myloglevel initrd=init.xz root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=275000 keymap= web=$myfogip/fog/ boottype=usb consoleblank=0 rootfstype=ext4 mode=manreg echo loading the virtual hard drive initrd $myinits echo booting kernel... } menuentry "3. Quick Registration and Inventory" { echo loading the kernel linux $myimage loglevel=$myloglevel initrd=init.xz root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=275000 keymap= web=$myfogip/fog/ boottype=usb consoleblank=0 rootfstype=ext4 mode=autoreg echo loading the virtual hard drive initrd $myinits echo booting kernel... } menuentry "4. Client System Information (Compatibility)" { echo loading the kernel linux $myimage loglevel=$myloglevel initrd=init.xz root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=275000 keymap= web=$myfogip/fog/ boottype=usb consoleblank=0 rootfstype=ext4 mode=sysinfo echo loading the virtual hard drive initrd $myinits echo booting kernel... } menuentry "5. Run Memtest86+" { linux /boot/memdisk iso raw initrd /boot/memtest.bin } menuentry "6. FOG Debug Kernel" { echo loading the kernel linux $myimage loglevel=7 init=/sbin/init root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=275000 keymap= boottype=usb consoleblank=0 rootfstype=ext4 isdebug=yes echo loading the virtual hard drive initrd $myinits echo booting kernel... } menuentry "7. FOG iPXE Jumpstart BIOS" { echo loading the kernel linux16 /boot/ipxe.krn echo booting iPXE... } menuentry "8. FOG iPXE Jumpstart EFI" { echo chain loading the kernel insmod chain chainloader /boot/ipxe.efi echo booting iPXE-efi... } EOF echo Unmount the loopback umount /mnt echo Unmap the image kpartx -d /tmp/fos-usb.img # Write the file to flash drive # sudo dd bs=1M if=/tmp/fos-usb.img of=/dev/sdX- Save and exit the text editor
- Run the file with
sudo ./mk.fos-usb - IF the build was successful you should end up with a USB image file in /tmp called
/tmp/fos-usb.img
For linux
7. Insert your USB flash drive into the FOG server
8. Use thelsblkcommand to properly identify your flash drive (get it wrong here and you could overwrite the wrong drive {like your FOG boot drive} so be sure. If you have questions about identifying your USB drive review the FOSL build instructions).
9. Use the linuxddcommand to write that image to the usb drive
10. Key in the followingsudo dd bs=1M if=/tmp/fos-usb.img of=/dev/sdXwhere /dev/sdX is the drive you identified using thelsblkcommand. If you have any questions refer to the above link for detailed instructions and warnings.
11. When the write is complete remove the USB flash drive from the FOS server
12. Done.For windows
7. Move the/tmp/fos-usb.imgto your windows computer using putty or what ever method works best for you
8. Insert the blank usb flash drive into your windows computer
9. Use one of the above mentioned windows software to write the the fos-usb.img to your flash drive
10. When the write is complete remove the flash drive (note windows will try to mount it as soon as the image is done downloading. Don’t let windows reformat the drive if it doesn’t understand the format. All is good)The final steps you MUST complete is to customize the FOS usb boot drive for your site. You must edit the grub.cfg file in the /boot/grub(2) folder. You can do this in linux or windows. If you use windows I recommend editing the file with Notepad++ or Write (not notepad). Both of the previous text editors will handle linux files well.
In the grub.cfg file you must edit the very first line with
set myfogip=http://192.168.1.100and replace 192.168.1.100 with the IP address of your fog server. Once that is done save the grub.cfg file and now the FOS USB boot drive is ready for use. - On your FOG server or other linux workstation create a file
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Part 2b
These steps and script works correctly on a Cento 7 system.
- For Centos 7 you must install the following packages
yum install dosfstools parted kpartx grub2-install grub2-efi-modules grub2-efi -y - Centos 7 is a x64 only OS so if you have a i386 uefi system you MUST USE either Centos 6 or Ubuntu 14.04 LTS to build a usb boot drive that supports i386-efi systems. This is not a big issue because there are not many systems that are both IA32 and efi only.
- The second thing to note about Centos 7 it uses grub2 instead of grub (version 1). So the script commands have changed a little.
- For Centos 7 paste the following script into
mk.fos-usb
#!/bin/bash if [ -f /tmp/fogkern.img ]; then echo Nuking old FOG Debug image rm -f /tmp/fos-usb.img fi echo Make a blank 150MB disk image dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/fos-usb.img bs=1M count=150 echo Make the partition table, partition and set it bootable. parted --script /tmp/fos-usb.img mklabel msdos mkpart p fat32 1 128 set 1 boot on echo Map the partitions from the image file kpartx -a -s /tmp/fos-usb.img LOOPDEV=$(losetup -a | grep "/tmp/fos-usb.img" | grep -o "loop[0-9]*") echo Make an vfat filesystem on the first partition. mkfs -t vfat -n GRUB /dev/mapper/${LOOPDEV}p1 echo Mount the filesystem via loopback mount /dev/mapper/${LOOPDEV}p1 /mnt echo Install GRUB grub2-install --removable --no-nvram --efi-directory=/mnt --boot-directory=/mnt/boot --target=x86_64-efi grub2-install --removable --no-floppy --boot-directory=/mnt/boot --target=i386-pc /dev/${LOOPDEV} echo Download the FOG kernels and inits wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://fogproject.org/inits/init.xz wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://fogproject.org/inits/init_32.xz wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://fogproject.org/kernels/bzImage wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://fogproject.org/kernels/bzImage32 wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://github.com/FOGProject/fogproject/blob/dev-branch/packages/tftp/ipxe.krn wget -P /mnt/boot/ https://github.com/FOGProject/fogproject/blob/dev-branch/packages/tftp/ipxe.efi echo Create the grub configuration file cat > /mnt/boot/grub2/grub.cfg << 'EOF' set myfogip=http://192.168.1.100 set myimage=/boot/bzImage set myinits=/boot/init.xz set myloglevel=4 set timeout=-1 insmod all_video menuentry "1. FOG Image Deploy/Capture" { echo loading the kernel linux $myimage loglevel=$myloglevel initrd=init.xz root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=275000 keymap= web=$myfogip/fog/ boottype=usb consoleblank=0 rootfstype=ext4 echo loading the virtual hard drive initrd $myinits echo booting kernel... } menuentry "2. Perform Full Host Registration and Inventory" { echo loading the kernel linux $myimage loglevel=$myloglevel initrd=init.xz root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=275000 keymap= web=$myfogip/fog/ boottype=usb consoleblank=0 rootfstype=ext4 mode=manreg echo loading the virtual hard drive initrd $myinits echo booting kernel... } menuentry "3. Quick Registration and Inventory" { echo loading the kernel linux $myimage loglevel=$myloglevel initrd=init.xz root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=275000 keymap= web=$myfogip/fog/ boottype=usb consoleblank=0 rootfstype=ext4 mode=autoreg echo loading the virtual hard drive initrd $myinits echo booting kernel... } menuentry "4. Client System Information (Compatibility)" { echo loading the kernel linux $myimage loglevel=$myloglevel initrd=init.xz root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=275000 keymap= web=$myfogip/fog/ boottype=usb consoleblank=0 rootfstype=ext4 mode=sysinfo echo loading the virtual hard drive initrd $myinits echo booting kernel... } menuentry "5. Run Memtest86+" { linux /boot/memdisk iso raw initrd /boot/memtest.bin } menuentry "6. FOG Debug Kernel" { echo loading the kernel linux $myimage loglevel=7 init=/sbin/init root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=275000 keymap= boottype=usb consoleblank=0 rootfstype=ext4 isdebug=yes echo loading the virtual hard drive initrd $myinits echo booting kernel... } menuentry "7. FOG iPXE Jumpstart BIOS" { echo loading the kernel linux16 /boot/ipxe.krn echo booting iPXE... } menuentry "8. FOG iPXE Jumpstart EFI" { echo chain loading the kernel insmod chain chainloader /boot/ipxe.efi echo booting iPXE-efi... } EOF echo Unmount the loopback umount /mnt echo Unmap the image kpartx -d /tmp/fos-usb.img # Write the file to flash drive # sudo dd bs=1M if=/tmp/fos-usb.img of=/dev/sdXFor the rest of the build follow the Part 2a build.
- For Centos 7 you must install the following packages
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