I finally got a chance to control the PC in question and it appears that the FOG service that was installed was the legacy service from the previous image. In addition, it wasn’t even running (or at least the tray icon wasn’t present. I uninstalled and installed the new client service and the errors went away. I am only left with this now:
[Wed Jul 15 20:58:32.249637 2015] [:error] [pid 23877] [client 192.168.0.236:49190] PHP Warning: mcrypt_decrypt(): Key of size 0 not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes 16, 24 or 32 supported in /var/www/html/fog/lib/fog/FOGBase.class.php on line 241