Linux kernel
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@Maorui2k Why not work with the developers to get the official kernel working for your hardware? What hardware are you using? Is rebooting the only issue?
Please help us build the FOG community with everyone involved. It's not just about coding - way more we need people to test things, update documentation and most importantly work on uniting the community of people enjoying and working on FOG!
Daily Clean Installation Results:
https://fogtesting.fogproject.us/
FOG Reporting:
https://fog-external-reporting-results.fogproject.us/ -
@Wayne-Workman Could you please tell me who I shall contact?
The reboot is the only issue I got. I tried all other kernels, the reg/clone worked fine, but at the last step - reboot, it just hung there forever. Ubuntu 16 have no reboot issue which kernel is 4.4.0.
The CPU is Intel Celeron CPU N2820. I’m not sure what info I shall provide, please just tell me.
root@relay-s:~# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 2 On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 2 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 55 Model name: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU N2820 @ 2.13GHz Stepping: 3 CPU MHz: 533.200 CPU max MHz: 2399.3999 CPU min MHz: 533.2000 BogoMIPS: 4262.40 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 24K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 1024K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer rdrand lahf_lm 3dnowprefetch epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid tsc_adjust smep erms dtherm aratroot@relay-s:~# lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Atom Processor Z36xxx/Z37xxx Series SoC Transaction Register (rev 0c) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Atom Processor Z36xxx/Z37xxx Series Graphics & Display (rev 0c) 00:13.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Atom Processor E3800 Series SATA AHCI Controller (rev 0c) 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Atom Processor Z36xxx/Z37xxx, Celeron N2000 Series USB xHCI (rev 0c) 00:1a.0 Encryption controller: Intel Corporation Atom Processor Z36xxx/Z37xxx Series Trusted Execution Engine (rev 0c) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Atom Processor Z36xxx/Z37xxx Series High Definition Audio Controller (rev 0c) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Atom Processor E3800 Series PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 0c) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Atom Processor E3800 Series PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 0c) 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Atom Processor E3800 Series PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 0c) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Atom Processor E3800 Series PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev 0c) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Atom Processor Z36xxx/Z37xxx Series USB EHCI (rev 0c) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Atom Processor Z36xxx/Z37xxx Series Power Control Unit (rev 0c) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Atom Processor E3800 Series SMBus Controller (rev 0c) 01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 06)root@relay-s:~# dmidecode # dmidecode 3.0 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.8 present. 51 structures occupying 2030 bytes. Table at 0x000EBD30. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: American Megatrends Inc. Version: 5.6.5 Release Date: 01/19/2015 Address: 0xF0000 Runtime Size: 64 kB ROM Size: 1024 kB Characteristics: PCI is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported BIOS ROM is socketed EDD is supported 5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) Print screen service is supported (int 5h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) ACPI is supported USB legacy is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Targeted content distribution is supported UEFI is supported BIOS Revision: 5.6 Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes System Information Manufacturer: To be filled by O.E.M. Product Name: To be filled by O.E.M. Version: To be filled by O.E.M. Serial Number: To be filled by O.E.M. UUID: 03000200-0400-0500-0006-000700080009 Wake-up Type: Power Switch SKU Number: To be filled by O.E.M. Family: To be filled by O.E.M. Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes Base Board Information Manufacturer: AMI Corporation Product Name: Aptio CRB Version: To be filled by O.E.M. Serial Number: To be filled by O.E.M. Asset Tag: To be filled by O.E.M. Features: Board is a hosting board Board is replaceable Location In Chassis: To be filled by O.E.M. Chassis Handle: 0x0003 Type: Motherboard Contained Object Handles: 0 Handle 0x0003, DMI type 3, 25 bytes Chassis Information Manufacturer: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Type: Desktop Lock: Not Present Version: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Boot-up State: Safe Power Supply State: Safe Thermal State: Safe Security Status: None OEM Information: 0x00000000 Height: Unspecified Number Of Power Cords: 1 Contained Elements: 1 <OUT OF SPEC> (0) SKU Number: To be filled by O.E.M. Handle 0x0008, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J1A1 Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: PS2Mouse External Connector Type: PS/2 Port Type: Mouse Port Handle 0x0009, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J1A1 Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: Keyboard External Connector Type: PS/2 Port Type: Keyboard Port Handle 0x000A, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J2A1 Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: TV Out External Connector Type: Mini Centronics Type-14 Port Type: Other Handle 0x000B, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J2A2A Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: COM A External Connector Type: DB-9 male Port Type: Serial Port 16550A Compatible Handle 0x000C, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J2A2B Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: Video External Connector Type: DB-15 female Port Type: Video Port Handle 0x000D, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J3A1 Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: USB1 External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB Handle 0x000E, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J3A1 Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: USB2 External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB Handle 0x000F, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J3A1 Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: USB3 External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB Handle 0x0010, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9A1 - TPM HDR Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0011, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9C1 - PCIE DOCKING CONN Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0012, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J2B3 - CPU FAN Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0013, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J6C2 - EXT HDMI Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0014, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J3C1 - GMCH FAN Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0015, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J1D1 - ITP Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0016, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9E2 - MDC INTPSR Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0017, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9E4 - MDC INTPSR Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0018, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9E3 - LPC HOT DOCKING Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0019, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9E1 - SCAN MATRIX Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x001A, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9G1 - LPC SIDE BAND Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x001B, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J8F1 - UNIFIED Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x001C, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J6F1 - LVDS Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x001D, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J2F1 - LAI FAN Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x001E, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J2G1 - GFX VID Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x001F, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J1G6 - AC JACK Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Not Specified External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0020, DMI type 9, 17 bytes System Slot Information Designation: J6B2 Type: x16 PCI Express Current Usage: In Use Length: Long ID: 0 Characteristics: 3.3 V is provided Opening is shared PME signal is supported Bus Address: 0000:00:01.0 Handle 0x0021, DMI type 9, 17 bytes System Slot Information Designation: J6B1 Type: x1 PCI Express Current Usage: In Use Length: Short ID: 1 Characteristics: 3.3 V is provided Opening is shared PME signal is supported Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.3 Handle 0x0022, DMI type 9, 17 bytes System Slot Information Designation: J6D1 Type: x1 PCI Express Current Usage: In Use Length: Short ID: 2 Characteristics: 3.3 V is provided Opening is shared PME signal is supported Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.4 Handle 0x0023, DMI type 9, 17 bytes System Slot Information Designation: J7B1 Type: x1 PCI Express Current Usage: In Use Length: Short ID: 3 Characteristics: 3.3 V is provided Opening is shared PME signal is supported Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.5 Handle 0x0024, DMI type 9, 17 bytes System Slot Information Designation: J8B4 Type: x1 PCI Express Current Usage: In Use Length: Short ID: 4 Characteristics: 3.3 V is provided Opening is shared PME signal is supported Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.6 Handle 0x0025, DMI type 10, 6 bytes On Board Device Information Type: Video Status: Enabled Description: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Handle 0x0026, DMI type 11, 5 bytes OEM Strings String 1: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Handle 0x0027, DMI type 12, 5 bytes System Configuration Options Option 1: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Handle 0x0028, DMI type 16, 23 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 8 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 2 Handle 0x0029, DMI type 19, 31 bytes Memory Array Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00000000000 Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF Range Size: 2 GB Physical Array Handle: 0x0028 Partition Width: 2 Handle 0x002A, DMI type 17, 40 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0028 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 2048 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: A1_DIMM0 Bank Locator: A1_BANK0 Type: DDR3 Type Detail: Unknown Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: Nanya Serial Number: 000A6246 Asset Tag: A1_AssetTagNum0 Part Number: NT2GC64B88B0NS-CG Rank: 1 Configured Clock Speed: 1066 MHz Minimum Voltage: 1.35 V Maximum Voltage: 1.5 V Configured Voltage: 1.35 V Handle 0x002B, DMI type 20, 35 bytes Memory Device Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00000000000 Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF Range Size: 2 GB Physical Device Handle: 0x002A Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x0029 Partition Row Position: Unknown Interleave Position: 1 Interleaved Data Depth: 2 Handle 0x002C, DMI type 17, 40 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0028 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: A1_DIMM1 Bank Locator: A1_BANK1 Type: Unknown Type Detail: Unknown Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: A1_Manufacturer1 Serial Number: A1_SerNum1 Asset Tag: A1_AssetTagNum1 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber1 Rank: Unknown Configured Clock Speed: Unknown Minimum Voltage: Unknown Maximum Voltage: Unknown Configured Voltage: Unknown Handle 0x002D, DMI type 126, 35 bytes Inactive Handle 0x002E, DMI type 32, 20 bytes System Boot Information Status: No errors detected Handle 0x002F, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard IGD Type: Video Status: Enabled Type Instance: 1 Bus Address: 0000:00:02.0 Handle 0x0030, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard LAN Type: Ethernet Status: Enabled Type Instance: 1 Bus Address: 0000:00:19.0 Handle 0x0031, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard 1394 Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 1 Bus Address: 0000:03:1c.2 Handle 0x0032, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: CPU Internal L1 Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 112 kB Maximum Size: 112 kB Supported SRAM Types: Unknown Installed SRAM Type: Unknown Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC System Type: Other Associativity: Other Handle 0x0033, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: CPU Internal L2 Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 2 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 1024 kB Maximum Size: 1024 kB Supported SRAM Types: Unknown Installed SRAM Type: Unknown Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC System Type: Unified Associativity: 16-way Set-associative Handle 0x0034, DMI type 4, 42 bytes Processor Information Socket Designation: SOCKET 0 Type: Central Processor Family: Celeron Manufacturer: Intel ID: 73 06 03 00 FF FB EB BF Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 55, Stepping 3 Flags: FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers) PAE (Physical address extension) MCE (Machine check exception) CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call) MTRR (Memory type range registers) PGE (Page global enable) MCA (Machine check architecture) CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported) PAT (Page attribute table) PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension) CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported) DS (Debug store) ACPI (ACPI supported) MMX (MMX technology supported) FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported) SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions) SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2) SS (Self-snoop) HTT (Multi-threading) TM (Thermal monitor supported) PBE (Pending break enabled) Version: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU N2820 @ 2.13GHz Voltage: 1.2 V External Clock: 133 MHz Max Speed: 2400 MHz Current Speed: 2130 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: Socket BGA1155 L1 Cache Handle: 0x0032 L2 Cache Handle: 0x0033 L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided Serial Number: Not Specified Asset Tag: Fill By OEM Part Number: Fill By OEM Core Count: 2 Core Enabled: 2 Thread Count: 2 Characteristics: 64-bit capable Handle 0x0035, DMI type 13, 22 bytes BIOS Language Information Language Description Format: Long Installable Languages: 1 en|US|iso8859-1 Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1 Handle 0x0036, DMI type 127, 4 bytes End Of Table -
@Maorui2k Talk to @Tom-Elliott
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@Maorui2k There is a wiki page on how to build a FOG kernel: https://wiki.fogproject.org/wiki/index.php?title=Build_TomElliott_Kernel
Using the current kernel config as you find it in the git repository (32 bit or 64 bit) you don’t need to go through all the pain of selecting the correct modules…
Most current kernel is 4.11.0 by the way! So I am not sure if compiling your own kernel will help. Possibly we need to add some magic ubuntu patch to make rebooting possible on your machines…
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I just found an interesting discussion on hanging reboots in a CentOS forum: https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=1164
Check out the information about kernel parameter
reboot=.... There seem to be several different kernel options you can try. You can set kernel parameters as individual host settings in FOG.Web GUI issue? Please check apache error (debian/ubuntu: /var/log/apache2/error.log, centos/fedora/rhel: /var/log/httpd/error_log) and php-fpm log (/var/log/php*-fpm.log)
Please support FOG if you like it: https://wiki.fogproject.org/wiki/index.php/Support_FOG
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@Sebastian-Roth I tried this, but still the same issue… I will compile the kernel as you suggested.
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@Maorui2k What exactly did you try?? There are several different options you can set with
reboot=.... Which one did you try? As well you can look into playing with kernel parameteracpi=.... Possible a combination of both might work.Don’t get me wrong. You are more than welcome to build you very own kernel and hopefully make things work. But it’s definitely quicker to try out different kernel parameters first and see if things work that way. As I said, latest kernel in FOG is 4.11.0 so if you are trying to build 4.4.0 (which is working in Ubuntu) from plain vanilla source I highly doubt that reboot is working for you out of the box.
Please keep us posted on this.
Web GUI issue? Please check apache error (debian/ubuntu: /var/log/apache2/error.log, centos/fedora/rhel: /var/log/httpd/error_log) and php-fpm log (/var/log/php*-fpm.log)
Please support FOG if you like it: https://wiki.fogproject.org/wiki/index.php/Support_FOG
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@Sebastian-Roth I tried all reboot options, none of them works…
I understand your concern. Actually I don’t care which version to use, 4.4 or 4.11 are both fine for me. I wonder if something was missed or disabled in the kernel configuration, which caused this reboot issue. Now 3.17.3 is not able to work with fog 1.4.0, so that’s why I wanted to compile my own kernel.
Any way I will try acpi and combination first.
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@Maorui2k Sorry for not getting back on to this. Did you get to build your own kernel and find/fix the issue? Or did any off the kernel parameters help.
Web GUI issue? Please check apache error (debian/ubuntu: /var/log/apache2/error.log, centos/fedora/rhel: /var/log/httpd/error_log) and php-fpm log (/var/log/php*-fpm.log)
Please support FOG if you like it: https://wiki.fogproject.org/wiki/index.php/Support_FOG
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@Sebastian-Roth I tried CentOS 6 & 7, both have the issue. So Ubuntu is the only survivor. I’m still finghting with the Ubuntu kernel compile process. It’s not same as general process, and I always got error in the middle. Not sure the reason yet…
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Can you try to boot one of the machines in debug mode and try to reboot there?
It’s unlikely, but perhaps it will give some useful information.
I’m guessing these are custom built PCs? (given that no DMI info is supplied)
It’s interesting that under certain circumstances they wouldn’t reboot.
What about shutdown? Does that work?
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@Quazz I tried and got same result.
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@Maorui2k “same result” being nothing happening at all?
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@Quazz I tried debug mode, both reboot & shutdown had same result. I could see the message of killall process, but the PC just hung there after message ‘Requesting system reboot/halt’, and the keyboard was freezed too, CTRL-ALT-DEL won’t work.
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@Maorui2k If you have an operating system installed on them, can they shut down/reboot?
Are there any BIOS updates available for this motherboard?
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@Maorui2k said in Linux kernel:
I tried CentOS 6 & 7, both have the issue. So Ubuntu is the only survivor. I’m still finghting with the Ubuntu kernel compile process. It’s not same as general process, and I always got error in the middle. Not sure the reason yet…
Please post the error so I might be able to help. Without I don’t have a chance to give you a hint. Let me know which steps/command you do/run and which error you get.
I am wondering if it’s Ubuntu’s kernel config or if they have a special patch that does help shutting down your machines. The problem is that building a normal Ubuntu kernel won’t help you because FOG has all the important drivers included in the kernel (bzImage) while Ubuntu has most in the initrd. Ubuntu kernel is smaller but would not work with FOG (initrd). I’ll think about it a little more and try some stuff.
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@Maorui2k Ok, to see if the Ubuntu patches do the trick I downloaded those, applied to a vanilla 4.4.0 kernel, used our FOG kernel config and build a kernel from that. Please download bzImage and init.xz here. If this kernel properly shuts down your machine then we can start looking through the patchset. On the other hand, if this kernel does not shutdown/turn off your machine, then the Ubuntu patches are irrelevant and you can start comparing the kernel configs and/or parameters.
Web GUI issue? Please check apache error (debian/ubuntu: /var/log/apache2/error.log, centos/fedora/rhel: /var/log/httpd/error_log) and php-fpm log (/var/log/php*-fpm.log)
Please support FOG if you like it: https://wiki.fogproject.org/wiki/index.php/Support_FOG
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@Quazz Windows & Ubuntu 16 could reboot/shutdown. And there is no BIOS update.
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@Sebastian-Roth Thanks for the kernel, but it doesn’t work too. There is no error message, just stopped at the last step of regular reboot/shutdown process. The last step should be a signal to hardware. I uploaded a picture of the screen here. https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bx_soHaLoSYETllpSUVmVEotX28 So the kernel config may do the trick.
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