Okay, so after some testing this morning I’m happy to report that I was able to get this working. I was going off the guide on the wiki which had it configured almost exactly like I pasted in the OP, but after some googling I saw people recommending NOT including the bond-primary lines for each of the bonded interfaces. I commented out those lines to test and sure enough it worked. Below is my current network interfaces config:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
bond-slaves none
bond-mode 2
bond-miimon 100
address 192.168.214.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.214.0
broadcast 192.168.214.255
gateway 192.168.214.1
hwaddress ether 90:e2:ba:f5:58:ba
auto enp2s0f0
iface enp2s0f0 inet manual
bond-master bond0
# bond-primary enp2s0f0 enp2s0f1
auto enp2s0f1
iface enp2s0f1 inet manual
bond-master bond0
# bond-primary enp2s0f0 enp2s0f1
I think what also helped was a clean reinstall of Debian; when I posted this thread I was attempting to change existing settings from a pretty setup using only one of the network ports. I did a full reinstall and configured the interface bonding FIRST, then once I was confident that was working I ran the Fog installer and used bond0 as the interface. Installation completed without a hitch and I was online. I appreciate the assistance, I definitely learned a lot along the way, but the solution to this problem of mine with multiple network ports ended up being much easier than anticipated once I knew what to do. Now it’s time to image!